Sweet Pepper Practices

• Plant Habit – Robust and Bushy
• Plant height – medium
• Fruit Colour- Glossy Green
• Fruit Length – 11-13 cm
• Fruit Diameter – 10-12 cm
• Fruit Shape – Square
• Number of Locules – 3-4
• Fruit Weight – 172-180 gm
• Maturity (Green Fruit)- 50-55 days after transplanting
• Remarks- Thick pericarp thickness, good for long distance shipping

• Row to Row 75-80 cm and Plant to Plant 45-50 cm

• 150;100;100 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 1/4 N along with other fertilizers as basal application and the remaining N should be top dressed in three split doses at 30 days interval after transplanting.

• Frequent and heavy irrigations induce lanky growth and cause flower shedding.
• Critical sages of irrigation are tenth leaf to flower, fruiting and after periodical harvests.
• During summer, apply irrigation at 4-5 days interval and during winter at 10-12 days interval.

• Practice shallow inter – cultivation particularly a few days after every irrigation to remove the weeds and to conserve the moisture
• 3-4 howing are normally needed to check the weeds growth
• Earthing up the seedlings 21 days after transplanting after first top dressing of nitrogen is quite beneficial.
• Regarding chemical weed control ,a pre plant application of fluchloralin ( Basalin 48 EC) @ 1.0-15 kg a.i/Ha followed by one hand weeding 30 days after transplanting is effective.

• Chilli thrips : Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed spray of imidacloprid 17.8% SL3.0 ml/10 lit.
• Green Peach aphid: Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed Spray the following insecticide Fipronil 5% SC 1.0 ml/lit or Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 3.5ml /10 ltr
• Tobacco Cutworm: spray the following insecticides ; Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 4gm/ 10 lit or Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 6.5 ml/10 ltr
• Yellow mite : Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 4 gm/10 ltr or quinaphos 25 % EC 1.5 ml/ltr

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Seedling killed before emergence, water soaking and shrivellign of stem factors favouring infection ost soils poor drainage 90-100 % RH soil temprature 20 C lodging of seedlings due to weaken stems. disease effected seedling are seed light brownish colour disease spead throuhg seeds and soil
• Control ; Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4g/kg or Pseudomonas sluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing. Drench wiht copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/1 @ 41 /Sq. Soil Dreching with copper oxychloride 0.25 %

Fruit rot and Die back

Powdery Mildew

Fusarium Wilt

• Identification: fusarium will is characterized by wilting of the plant and upward and inward rolling of the leaves, the leaves turn yellow and die Disease symptoms are characterized by an initial slight yellowing of the foliage and silting of the upper leaves that progress in a few days into a permanent wilt with the leaves still attached
• Control:Drenching with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or blue copper or fytolan 0.25 % may give protection. Seed treatment with 4g Trichoderma viride formulation or 2 g carbendizim per kg seed is effective .

Leaf curl

• Identification: Leaves curl towards midrib and become deformed. Stunted plant growth due to shortened internodes an leaves greately reduced in size. The virus is generally transmitted by whitefly, so control measures of whitefly in this regard would be helpful.
• Control:Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

Mosiac Viruses

• Identification: Light green and dark green patches on the leaves. Stunted plant growth during early stages. Yellowing chloronic ring spots on leaves and fruits.
• Control: The infected plants should be uprooted and burnt or buried to avoid further infection, Nursery beds should be covered with nulon net or straw to protect the seedlings from viral infection. Raise 2-3 rows of maize or sorghum as border crop to restrict the spread of aphid vectors. Apply carbofuram 3g@ 4-5 kg /acre int he main field to control sucking complex and insect vectors selctively. if it is not possible spray the crop with systemic insecticides, dimesthoate 2ml of acephate 1g per litre of water.

• It is one of the major constraints in sweet pepper cultivation.Irrigation at flowering and fruit set stage reduces blossom/fruitdrop. Foliar application of 50 ppm NAA at full bloom stage effectively controls the drop.

Skin cracking:

• Cracking occurs around the shoulder of the fruits. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity are responsible for this disorder. High day temperature and average relative humidity increase the incidence of cracking.

Sun scald:

• Soft, light-coloured area appears on the fruit, which becomes slightly wrinkled, slightly sunken and papery later on. It occurs when the fruits are exposed to scorching sun light.

Blossom end rot:

• Water-soaked spots appear at the blossom end which becomeslight brown and papery as the lesions dry out. Heavy irrigationafter a period of low soil moisture condition and heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizers causes this disorder.
  Control measures
  Judicious and timely irrigation.Application of judicious amount of P and K fertilizers along with N fertilizers.Two foliar sprays of 0.2% calcium chloride at the time of fruitdevelopment.

• Plant Habit – Vigorous growth with very good fruit set ability
• Plant height – medium
• Fruit Colour- Dark Green
• Fruit Length – 12-13 cm
• Fruit Diameter – 08-10 cm
• Fruit Shape – Square blocky shape with uniform size
• Number of Locules – 4-5
• Fruit Weight – 180-200 gm
• Maturity (Green Fruit)- 45-55 days after transplanting
• Remarks- Firm & thick pericarp and good for open field without trellising

• Row to Row 75-80 cm and Plant to Plant 45-50 cm

• 150;100;100 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 1/4 N along with other fertilizers as basal application and the remaining N should be top dressed in three split doses at 30 days interval after transplanting.

• Frequent and heavy irrigations induce lanky growth and cause flower shedding.
• Critical sages of irrigation are tenth leaf to flower, fruiting and after periodical harvests.
• During summer, apply irrigation at 4-5 days interval and during winter at 10-12 days interval.

• Practice shallow inter – cultivation particularly a few days after every irrigation to remove the weeds and to conserve the moisture
• 3-4 howing are normally needed to check the weeds growth
• Earthing up the seedlings 21 days after transplanting after first top dressing of nitrogen is quite beneficial.
• Regarding chemical weed control ,a pre plant application of fluchloralin ( Basalin 48 EC) @ 1.0-15 kg a.i/Ha followed by one hand weeding 30 days after transplanting is effective.

• Chilli thrips : Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed spray of imidacloprid 17.8% SL3.0 ml/10 lit.
• Green Peach aphid: Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed Spray the following insecticide Fipronil 5% SC 1.0 ml/lit or Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 3.5ml /10 ltr
• Tobacco Cutworm: spray the following insecticides ; Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 4gm/ 10 lit or Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 6.5 ml/10 ltr
• Yellow mite : Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 4 gm/10 ltr or quinaphos 25 % EC 1.5 ml/ltr

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Seedling killed before emergence, water soaking and shrivellign of stem factors favouring infection ost soils poor drainage 90-100 % RH soil temprature 20 C lodging of seedlings due to weaken stems. disease effected seedling are seed light brownish colour disease spead throuhg seeds and soil
• Control ; Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4g/kg or Pseudomonas sluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing. Drench wiht copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/1 @ 41 /Sq. Soil Dreching with copper oxychloride 0.25 %

Fruit rot and Die back

Powdery Mildew

Fusarium Wilt

• Identification: fusarium will is characterized by wilting of the plant and upward and inward rolling of the leaves, the leaves turn yellow and die Disease symptoms are characterized by an initial slight yellowing of the foliage and silting of the upper leaves that progress in a few days into a permanent wilt with the leaves still attached
• Control:Drenching with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or blue copper or fytolan 0.25 % may give protection. Seed treatment with 4g Trichoderma viride formulation or 2 g carbendizim per kg seed is effective .

Leaf curl

• Identification: Leaves curl towards midrib and become deformed. Stunted plant growth due to shortened internodes an leaves greately reduced in size. The virus is generally transmitted by whitefly, so control measures of whitefly in this regard would be helpful.
• Control:Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

Mosiac Viruses

• Identification: Light green and dark green patches on the leaves. Stunted plant growth during early stages. Yellowing chloronic ring spots on leaves and fruits.
• Control: The infected plants should be uprooted and burnt or buried to avoid further infection, Nursery beds should be covered with nulon net or straw to protect the seedlings from viral infection. Raise 2-3 rows of maize or sorghum as border crop to restrict the spread of aphid vectors. Apply carbofuram 3g@ 4-5 kg /acre int he main field to control sucking complex and insect vectors selctively. if it is not possible spray the crop with systemic insecticides, dimesthoate 2ml of acephate 1g per litre of water.

• It is one of the major constraints in sweet pepper cultivation.Irrigation at flowering and fruit set stage reduces blossom/fruitdrop. Foliar application of 50 ppm NAA at full bloom stage effectively controls the drop.

Skin cracking:

• Cracking occurs around the shoulder of the fruits. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity are responsible for this disorder. High day temperature and average relative humidity increase the incidence of cracking.

Sun scald:

• Soft, light-coloured area appears on the fruit, which becomes slightly wrinkled, slightly sunken and papery later on. It occurs when the fruits are exposed to scorching sun light.

Blossom end rot:

• Water-soaked spots appear at the blossom end which becomeslight brown and papery as the lesions dry out. Heavy irrigationafter a period of low soil moisture condition and heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizers causes this disorder.
  Control measures
  Judicious and timely irrigation.Application of judicious amount of P and K fertilizers along with N fertilizers.Two foliar sprays of 0.2% calcium chloride at the time of fruitdevelopment.

• Plant Habit – Vigorous growth with very good fruit set ability
• Plant height – medium
• Fruit Colour- Dark Green with thick and glossy wall
• Fruit Length – 11-13 cm
• Fruit Diameter – 12-13 cm
• Fruit Shape – Square
• Number of Locules – 4 lobes
• Fruit Weight – 175-182 gm
• Maturity (Green Fruit)- 50-52 days after transplanting
• Remarks- Longer shelf life and ideal for long distance transportation

• Row to Row 75-80 cm and Plant to Plant 45-50 cm

• 150;100;100 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 1/4 N along with other fertilizers as basal application and the remaining N should be top dressed in three split doses at 30 days interval after transplanting.

• Frequent and heavy irrigations induce lanky growth and cause flower shedding.
• Critical sages of irrigation are tenth leaf to flower, fruiting and after periodical harvests.
• During summer, apply irrigation at 4-5 days interval and during winter at 10-12 days interval.

• Practice shallow inter – cultivation particularly a few days after every irrigation to remove the weeds and to conserve the moisture
• 3-4 howing are normally needed to check the weeds growth
• Earthing up the seedlings 21 days after transplanting after first top dressing of nitrogen is quite beneficial.
• Regarding chemical weed control ,a pre plant application of fluchloralin ( Basalin 48 EC) @ 1.0-15 kg a.i/Ha followed by one hand weeding 30 days after transplanting is effective.

• Chilli thrips : Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed spray of imidacloprid 17.8% SL3.0 ml/10 lit.
• Green Peach aphid: Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 % WS @ 12 g/kg of seed Spray the following insecticide Fipronil 5% SC 1.0 ml/lit or Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 3.5ml /10 ltr
• Tobacco Cutworm: spray the following insecticides ; Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 4gm/ 10 lit or Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 6.5 ml/10 ltr
• Yellow mite : Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 4 gm/10 ltr or quinaphos 25 % EC 1.5 ml/ltr

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Seedling killed before emergence, water soaking and shrivellign of stem factors favouring infection ost soils poor drainage 90-100 % RH soil temprature 20 C lodging of seedlings due to weaken stems. disease effected seedling are seed light brownish colour disease spead throuhg seeds and soil
• Control ; Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4g/kg or Pseudomonas sluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing. Drench wiht copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/1 @ 41 /Sq. Soil Dreching with copper oxychloride 0.25 %

Fruit rot and Die back

Powdery Mildew

Fusarium Wilt

• Identification: fusarium will is characterized by wilting of the plant and upward and inward rolling of the leaves, the leaves turn yellow and die Disease symptoms are characterized by an initial slight yellowing of the foliage and silting of the upper leaves that progress in a few days into a permanent wilt with the leaves still attached
• Control:Drenching with 1 % Bordeaux mixture or blue copper or fytolan 0.25 % may give protection. Seed treatment with 4g Trichoderma viride formulation or 2 g carbendizim per kg seed is effective .

Leaf curl

• Identification: Leaves curl towards midrib and become deformed. Stunted plant growth due to shortened internodes an leaves greately reduced in size. The virus is generally transmitted by whitefly, so control measures of whitefly in this regard would be helpful.
• Control:Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

Mosiac Viruses

• Identification: Light green and dark green patches on the leaves. Stunted plant growth during early stages. Yellowing chloronic ring spots on leaves and fruits.
• Control: The infected plants should be uprooted and burnt or buried to avoid further infection, Nursery beds should be covered with nulon net or straw to protect the seedlings from viral infection. Raise 2-3 rows of maize or sorghum as border crop to restrict the spread of aphid vectors. Apply carbofuram 3g@ 4-5 kg /acre int he main field to control sucking complex and insect vectors selctively. if it is not possible spray the crop with systemic insecticides, dimesthoate 2ml of acephate 1g per litre of water.

• It is one of the major constraints in sweet pepper cultivation.Irrigation at flowering and fruit set stage reduces blossom/fruitdrop. Foliar application of 50 ppm NAA at full bloom stage effectively controls the drop.

Skin cracking:

• Cracking occurs around the shoulder of the fruits. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity are responsible for this disorder. High day temperature and average relative humidity increase the incidence of cracking.

Sun scald:

• Soft, light-coloured area appears on the fruit, which becomes slightly wrinkled, slightly sunken and papery later on. It occurs when the fruits are exposed to scorching sun light.

Blossom end rot:

• Water-soaked spots appear at the blossom end which becomeslight brown and papery as the lesions dry out. Heavy irrigationafter a period of low soil moisture condition and heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizers causes this disorder.
  Control measures
  Judicious and timely irrigation.Application of judicious amount of P and K fertilizers along with N fertilizers.Two foliar sprays of 0.2% calcium chloride at the time of fruitdevelopment.