Cauliflower Practices

• Plant Type- Slightly open plant
• Foliage Colour – Green
• Maturity- 60-70 days after transplanting
• Curd Type – Dome Shaped
• Curd compactness – Compact
• Curd Weight – 1.0-1.5 kg
• Curd Colour – Milky white
• Remarks- Curd covering by inner leaves, Moderate to good

• Row to Row 50-60 cm and Plant to Plant 30-45 cm

• 120;60;60 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 50% N and 100% P, K as basal dose during final land preparation
• 25% N at 20 days after sowing and 25% N at 40 days after sowing

• Cauliflwoer is a shallow rooted crop and requires proper soil moisture throughout the cropping period.
• Early crop amay need irrigation twice in a week after transplanting and late crop once a week.
• During the later stage of the early crop and early stage of the mild season crop irrigation is only given if there is a long gap in the rains.
• At the time fo curd formation, there should be enough moisture in the field.

• Weeds are quite competitive with crop especially in early stages. Frequent hoeing and weeding of young plants promote healthy growth and heavy fruiting
• Earthing up after 25-30 days of transplanting

• Diamondback moth: Pheromone traps @ 12/ha, Crop rotation with cucurbits, beans, peas, tomato and melon, Neem seed kernel extract 5% , Carta hydrochloride 0.5 % at 10,20 and 30 DAS ( nursery) and primordial stage
• Cabbage Borer: Collect and destroy mechanically caterpillars in the early stages of attack and cartap hydrocloride @ 500 gm/ha or malathin 50 EC @ 500 ml /ha
• Tobacco Caterpillar: Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae and Pheromone traps ( Pherodin SL) @ 15/ha to attract male moths Spray Chlorphyiphos 20 EC 2 lit/ha or Dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha
• Aphid : Install yellow sticky trap @ 12 no/ha to monitor ” Macropterous” adults ( wingned adult) Spray neem oil 3 %, Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit
• Mustard aphid : Set up yellow stick trap to monitor aphid population & Spray dimethoate @ 2ml/lit

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Pre emergence : Seeds rot in the soil, leading to poor germination and uneven stands. Post emergence : Seedlings collapse, stems become water soaked and soft at the soil line ( wirestem). and may fall over sometimes with whitsih mold visible.
• Control ; Ensure good soil drainage and avoid overwatering, Deep summer ploughing can help destroy the fungus in the soil . Seed treatments with fungicides like thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds

Alternaria leaf spot

Black rot

Clubroot

Powdery Mildew

• Identification: Disease can be identified by appearance of small white patches on the leaves which later on spread to cover whole plant with white floury mass on stem, tendril and even fruits resulting into low yield and poor quality and sun burnt fruits.
• Control: Spray dinocap @0.05% (50 ml in 100 L of water) carbendazim (100g/100L. water) or wettable sulphur @ 0.2% can also in morning and evening to avoid sulphur injury. Repeat the spray at 7-10 days interval if disease incidence is high

Downy mildew

• Identification: The disease is recognized by presence of yellow spots on upper surface of leaves and purple to brown on the corresponding lower sides with white downy growth. Leaves wither off prematurely resulting into low, poor quality and sun- burnt fruits.
• Control: On the appearance of disease spray the crop with mancozeb or zineb@ 0.25% (250g/100 L), copper fungicide 0.3% (300g/100 L) or Matalaxyl + Mancozeb 0.20% (200g/100 L) Repeat at weekly interval keeping in view the wet weather condition.

Black leg

• Identification: Damping off seedlings; round or irregularly shaped gray necrotic lesions on leaves with dark margins, lesions may be covered in oink masses in favorable weather conditions.
• Control: Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

• It is caused due to boron deficiency, The water soaked lesions first appear in the stem, leaves and ont he surface of the curd, which later on turns rusty brown in colour, The browning of curd is sometimes associated with hollow stem symptoms. The affected curds are bitter in taste.
• Control; Correct the soil reaction and salinity Soil application of borax @ 10-15kg/ha, Three sprays of 0.25-0.5 % borax solutionn(1-2kg/ha) slong with a stikcer 20,35 and 50 days after transplanting.

Whip tail

• It is caused due to molybdenum deficiency and occurs in the soils with the PH below 5.5. The plants become chlorotic and may turn whtie particulary along he leaf margins and ifnally become cup shaped and whither, leaf blade of the older plants does not develp fully becomes the strap like and hence the name whip tail. In extreme cases the growing point is deformed and no marketable curds are formed.
• Control Measures ; Raising of soil Ph to 6.5 by proper liming. Soil application of 1.5 kg /ha sodium or ammonium molybedate mixed with fertilizer or irrigation water after transplanting.

Buttoning

• This disorder is charcterized by the development of small curds or buttoms which cannot be developed to full size of the curd. It is caused due to , Nitrogen Deficiency overaged seedlings , out of season planting and exposure of seedlings to poor light conditions.
• Control ; Plant varieties according ot maturity group and provide recommended dose of nutrition.

Blindness

• The plant lack terminal buds and curds and only large dark green thick and leathery leaves develop in these plants and is caused due to injury to terminal bud due to mechanical means or insect attack. Out of season planting, Exposure of seedlings to very flow temprature.
• Control ; Careful handling of the plants against insect pest and diseases. Avoid low temperature exposure.

Riceyness

• Plant Type- Semi Erect
• Foliage Colour – Bluish Green
• Maturity- 50-55 days after transplanting
• Curd Type – Semi dome
• Curd compactness – Compact
• Curd Weight – 500-600 gm
• Curd Colour – Creamy white
• Remarks- Curd covering by inner leaves, partially covered

• Row to Row 50-60 cm and Plant to Plant 30-45 cm

• 120;60;60 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 50% N and 100% P, K as basal dose during final land preparation
• 25% N at 20 days after sowing and 25% N at 40 days after sowing

• Cauliflwoer is a shallow rooted crop and requires proper soil moisture throughout the cropping period.
• Early crop amay need irrigation twice in a week after transplanting and late crop once a week.
• During the later stage of the early crop and early stage of the mild season crop irrigation is only given if there is a long gap in the rains.
• At the time fo curd formation, there should be enough moisture in the field.

• Weeds are quite competitive with crop especially in early stages. Frequent hoeing and weeding of young plants promote healthy growth and heavy fruiting
• Earthing up after 25-30 days of transplanting

• Diamondback moth: Pheromone traps @ 12/ha, Crop rotation with cucurbits, beans, peas, tomato and melon, Neem seed kernel extract 5% , Carta hydrochloride 0.5 % at 10,20 and 30 DAS ( nursery) and primordial stage
• Cabbage Borer: Collect and destroy mechanically caterpillars in the early stages of attack and cartap hydrocloride @ 500 gm/ha or malathin 50 EC @ 500 ml /ha
• Tobacco Caterpillar: Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae and Pheromone traps ( Pherodin SL) @ 15/ha to attract male moths Spray Chlorphyiphos 20 EC 2 lit/ha or Dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha
• Aphid : Install yellow sticky trap @ 12 no/ha to monitor ” Macropterous” adults ( wingned adult) Spray neem oil 3 %, Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit
• Mustard aphid : Set up yellow stick trap to monitor aphid population & Spray dimethoate @ 2ml/lit

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Pre emergence : Seeds rot in the soil, leading to poor germination and uneven stands. Post emergence : Seedlings collapse, stems become water soaked and soft at the soil line ( wirestem). and may fall over sometimes with whitsih mold visible.
• Control ; Ensure good soil drainage and avoid overwatering, Deep summer ploughing can help destroy the fungus in the soil . Seed treatments with fungicides like thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds

Alternaria leaf spot

Black rot

Clubroot

Powdery Mildew

• Identification: Disease can be identified by appearance of small white patches on the leaves which later on spread to cover whole plant with white floury mass on stem, tendril and even fruits resulting into low yield and poor quality and sun burnt fruits.
• Control: Spray dinocap @0.05% (50 ml in 100 L of water) carbendazim (100g/100L. water) or wettable sulphur @ 0.2% can also in morning and evening to avoid sulphur injury. Repeat the spray at 7-10 days interval if disease incidence is high

Downy mildew

• Identification: The disease is recognized by presence of yellow spots on upper surface of leaves and purple to brown on the corresponding lower sides with white downy growth. Leaves wither off prematurely resulting into low, poor quality and sun- burnt fruits.
• Control: On the appearance of disease spray the crop with mancozeb or zineb@ 0.25% (250g/100 L), copper fungicide 0.3% (300g/100 L) or Matalaxyl + Mancozeb 0.20% (200g/100 L) Repeat at weekly interval keeping in view the wet weather condition.

Black leg

• Identification: Damping off seedlings; round or irregularly shaped gray necrotic lesions on leaves with dark margins, lesions may be covered in oink masses in favorable weather conditions.
• Control: Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

• It is caused due to boron deficiency, The water soaked lesions first appear in the stem, leaves and ont he surface of the curd, which later on turns rusty brown in colour, The browning of curd is sometimes associated with hollow stem symptoms. The affected curds are bitter in taste.
• Control; Correct the soil reaction and salinity Soil application of borax @ 10-15kg/ha, Three sprays of 0.25-0.5 % borax solutionn(1-2kg/ha) slong with a stikcer 20,35 and 50 days after transplanting.

Whip tail

• It is caused due to molybdenum deficiency and occurs in the soils with the PH below 5.5. The plants become chlorotic and may turn whtie particulary along he leaf margins and ifnally become cup shaped and whither, leaf blade of the older plants does not develp fully becomes the strap like and hence the name whip tail. In extreme cases the growing point is deformed and no marketable curds are formed.
• Control Measures ; Raising of soil Ph to 6.5 by proper liming. Soil application of 1.5 kg /ha sodium or ammonium molybedate mixed with fertilizer or irrigation water after transplanting.

Buttoning

• This disorder is charcterized by the development of small curds or buttoms which cannot be developed to full size of the curd. It is caused due to , Nitrogen Deficiency overaged seedlings , out of season planting and exposure of seedlings to poor light conditions.
• Control ; Plant varieties according ot maturity group and provide recommended dose of nutrition.

Blindness

• The plant lack terminal buds and curds and only large dark green thick and leathery leaves develop in these plants and is caused due to injury to terminal bud due to mechanical means or insect attack. Out of season planting, Exposure of seedlings to very flow temprature.
• Control ; Careful handling of the plants against insect pest and diseases. Avoid low temperature exposure.

Riceyness

• Plant Type- Semi Erect
• Foliage Colour – Green
• Maturity- 60-65 days after transplanting
• Curd Type – Dome Shaped
• Curd comapctness – Good
• Curd Colour – white
• Average curd weight – 600-800gm
• Remarks- Curd covering by inner leaves, Moderate to good

• Row to Row 50-60 cm and Plant to Plant 30-45 cm

• 120;60;60 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 50% N and 100% P, K as basal dose during final land preparation
• 25% N at 20 days after sowing and 25% N at 40 days after sowing

• Cauliflwoer is a shallow rooted crop and requires proper soil moisture throughout the cropping period.
• Early crop amay need irrigation twice in a week after transplanting and late crop once a week.
• During the later stage of the early crop and early stage of the mild season crop irrigation is only given if there is a long gap in the rains.
• At the time fo curd formation, there should be enough moisture in the field.

• Weeds are quite competitive with crop especially in early stages. Frequent hoeing and weeding of young plants promote healthy growth and heavy fruiting
• Earthing up after 25-30 days of transplanting

• Diamondback moth: Pheromone traps @ 12/ha, Crop rotation with cucurbits, beans, peas, tomato and melon, Neem seed kernel extract 5% , Carta hydrochloride 0.5 % at 10,20 and 30 DAS ( nursery) and primordial stage
• Cabbage Borer: Collect and destroy mechanically caterpillars in the early stages of attack and cartap hydrocloride @ 500 gm/ha or malathin 50 EC @ 500 ml /ha
• Tobacco Caterpillar: Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae and Pheromone traps ( Pherodin SL) @ 15/ha to attract male moths Spray Chlorphyiphos 20 EC 2 lit/ha or Dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha
• Aphid : Install yellow sticky trap @ 12 no/ha to monitor ” Macropterous” adults ( wingned adult) Spray neem oil 3 %, Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit
• Mustard aphid : Set up yellow stick trap to monitor aphid population & Spray dimethoate @ 2ml/lit

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Pre emergence : Seeds rot in the soil, leading to poor germination and uneven stands. Post emergence : Seedlings collapse, stems become water soaked and soft at the soil line ( wirestem). and may fall over sometimes with whitsih mold visible.
• Control ; Ensure good soil drainage and avoid overwatering, Deep summer ploughing can help destroy the fungus in the soil . Seed treatments with fungicides like thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds

Alternaria leaf spot

Black rot

Clubroot

Powdery Mildew

• Identification: Disease can be identified by appearance of small white patches on the leaves which later on spread to cover whole plant with white floury mass on stem, tendril and even fruits resulting into low yield and poor quality and sun burnt fruits.
• Control: Spray dinocap @0.05% (50 ml in 100 L of water) carbendazim (100g/100L. water) or wettable sulphur @ 0.2% can also in morning and evening to avoid sulphur injury. Repeat the spray at 7-10 days interval if disease incidence is high

Downy mildew

• Identification: The disease is recognized by presence of yellow spots on upper surface of leaves and purple to brown on the corresponding lower sides with white downy growth. Leaves wither off prematurely resulting into low, poor quality and sun- burnt fruits.
• Control: On the appearance of disease spray the crop with mancozeb or zineb@ 0.25% (250g/100 L), copper fungicide 0.3% (300g/100 L) or Matalaxyl + Mancozeb 0.20% (200g/100 L) Repeat at weekly interval keeping in view the wet weather condition.

Black leg

• Identification: Damping off seedlings; round or irregularly shaped gray necrotic lesions on leaves with dark margins, lesions may be covered in oink masses in favorable weather conditions.
• Control: Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

• It is caused due to boron deficiency, The water soaked lesions first appear in the stem, leaves and ont he surface of the curd, which later on turns rusty brown in colour, The browning of curd is sometimes associated with hollow stem symptoms. The affected curds are bitter in taste.
• Control; Correct the soil reaction and salinity Soil application of borax @ 10-15kg/ha, Three sprays of 0.25-0.5 % borax solutionn(1-2kg/ha) slong with a stikcer 20,35 and 50 days after transplanting.

Whip tail

• It is caused due to molybdenum deficiency and occurs in the soils with the PH below 5.5. The plants become chlorotic and may turn whtie particulary along he leaf margins and ifnally become cup shaped and whither, leaf blade of the older plants does not develp fully becomes the strap like and hence the name whip tail. In extreme cases the growing point is deformed and no marketable curds are formed.
• Control Measures ; Raising of soil Ph to 6.5 by proper liming. Soil application of 1.5 kg /ha sodium or ammonium molybedate mixed with fertilizer or irrigation water after transplanting.

Buttoning

• This disorder is charcterized by the development of small curds or buttoms which cannot be developed to full size of the curd. It is caused due to , Nitrogen Deficiency overaged seedlings , out of season planting and exposure of seedlings to poor light conditions.
• Control ; Plant varieties according ot maturity group and provide recommended dose of nutrition.

Blindness

• The plant lack terminal buds and curds and only large dark green thick and leathery leaves develop in these plants and is caused due to injury to terminal bud due to mechanical means or insect attack. Out of season planting, Exposure of seedlings to very flow temprature.
• Control ; Careful handling of the plants against insect pest and diseases. Avoid low temperature exposure.

Riceyness

• Plant Type- Semi Erect
• Foliage Colour -Waxy dark Green
• Maturity- 40-45 days after transplanting
• Curd Type – Semi Dome Shaped
• Curd compactness – Compact
• Curd Colour – Cream white
• Average curd weight – 600-700gm
• Remarks- Curd covering by inner leaves, Moderate to good

• Row to Row 50-60 cm and Plant to Plant 30-45 cm

• 120;60;60 kg NPK/ hectare
• Apply 50% N and 100% P, K as basal dose during final land preparation
• 25% N at 20 days after sowing and 25% N at 40 days after sowing

• Cauliflwoer is a shallow rooted crop and requires proper soil moisture throughout the cropping period.
• Early crop amay need irrigation twice in a week after transplanting and late crop once a week.
• During the later stage of the early crop and early stage of the mild season crop irrigation is only given if there is a long gap in the rains.
• At the time fo curd formation, there should be enough moisture in the field.

• Weeds are quite competitive with crop especially in early stages. Frequent hoeing and weeding of young plants promote healthy growth and heavy fruiting
• Earthing up after 25-30 days of transplanting

• Diamondback moth: Pheromone traps @ 12/ha, Crop rotation with cucurbits, beans, peas, tomato and melon, Neem seed kernel extract 5% , Carta hydrochloride 0.5 % at 10,20 and 30 DAS ( nursery) and primordial stage
• Cabbage Borer: Collect and destroy mechanically caterpillars in the early stages of attack and cartap hydrocloride @ 500 gm/ha or malathin 50 EC @ 500 ml /ha
• Tobacco Caterpillar: Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae and Pheromone traps ( Pherodin SL) @ 15/ha to attract male moths Spray Chlorphyiphos 20 EC 2 lit/ha or Dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha
• Aphid : Install yellow sticky trap @ 12 no/ha to monitor ” Macropterous” adults ( wingned adult) Spray neem oil 3 %, Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit
• Mustard aphid : Set up yellow stick trap to monitor aphid population & Spray dimethoate @ 2ml/lit

Diseases
Damping off

• Identification : Pre emergence : Seeds rot in the soil, leading to poor germination and uneven stands. Post emergence : Seedlings collapse, stems become water soaked and soft at the soil line ( wirestem). and may fall over sometimes with whitsih mold visible.
• Control ; Ensure good soil drainage and avoid overwatering, Deep summer ploughing can help destroy the fungus in the soil . Seed treatments with fungicides like thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds

Alternaria leaf spot

Black rot

Clubroot

Powdery Mildew

• Identification: Disease can be identified by appearance of small white patches on the leaves which later on spread to cover whole plant with white floury mass on stem, tendril and even fruits resulting into low yield and poor quality and sun burnt fruits.
• Control: Spray dinocap @0.05% (50 ml in 100 L of water) carbendazim (100g/100L. water) or wettable sulphur @ 0.2% can also in morning and evening to avoid sulphur injury. Repeat the spray at 7-10 days interval if disease incidence is high

Downy mildew

• Identification: The disease is recognized by presence of yellow spots on upper surface of leaves and purple to brown on the corresponding lower sides with white downy growth. Leaves wither off prematurely resulting into low, poor quality and sun- burnt fruits.
• Control: On the appearance of disease spray the crop with mancozeb or zineb@ 0.25% (250g/100 L), copper fungicide 0.3% (300g/100 L) or Matalaxyl + Mancozeb 0.20% (200g/100 L) Repeat at weekly interval keeping in view the wet weather condition.

Black leg

• Identification: Damping off seedlings; round or irregularly shaped gray necrotic lesions on leaves with dark margins, lesions may be covered in oink masses in favorable weather conditions.
• Control: Seed infection can be prevented by spraying the seed plants with copper oxychloride or seed treatment with captan or thiram 4g/kg of seed followed by seed treatment with trichoderma viride 4g/kg

• It is caused due to boron deficiency, The water soaked lesions first appear in the stem, leaves and ont he surface of the curd, which later on turns rusty brown in colour, The browning of curd is sometimes associated with hollow stem symptoms. The affected curds are bitter in taste.
• Control; Correct the soil reaction and salinity Soil application of borax @ 10-15kg/ha, Three sprays of 0.25-0.5 % borax solutionn(1-2kg/ha) slong with a stikcer 20,35 and 50 days after transplanting.

Whip tail

• It is caused due to molybdenum deficiency and occurs in the soils with the PH below 5.5. The plants become chlorotic and may turn whtie particulary along he leaf margins and ifnally become cup shaped and whither, leaf blade of the older plants does not develp fully becomes the strap like and hence the name whip tail. In extreme cases the growing point is deformed and no marketable curds are formed.
• Control Measures ; Raising of soil Ph to 6.5 by proper liming. Soil application of 1.5 kg /ha sodium or ammonium molybedate mixed with fertilizer or irrigation water after transplanting.

Buttoning

• This disorder is charcterized by the development of small curds or buttoms which cannot be developed to full size of the curd. It is caused due to , Nitrogen Deficiency overaged seedlings , out of season planting and exposure of seedlings to poor light conditions.
• Control ; Plant varieties according ot maturity group and provide recommended dose of nutrition.

Blindness

• The plant lack terminal buds and curds and only large dark green thick and leathery leaves develop in these plants and is caused due to injury to terminal bud due to mechanical means or insect attack. Out of season planting, Exposure of seedlings to very flow temprature.
• Control ; Careful handling of the plants against insect pest and diseases. Avoid low temperature exposure.

Riceyness